4 50 228 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/4ae741598edfafe17f2520b3a3d5c7cb.jpg 78b7ab283e1e50bbd60235dfd0844f60 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol 2, 18a https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/a5f3eec6ba6ec010e76d4cc9531c108b.jpg b59b9116c79ad53e00cf523a6ae825e0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peace Poster from Northern Friends Peace Board https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/188834afbe409cf4d7de55ff785f8816.png b5db77c66a04d8ad014fce2cafc76996 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The true light which shines in the heart is that which manifests the tree of knowledge from the tree of life, the one is not for food, and the other is the true food https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/72f1bed71d6e0de692517bc0effd8194.jpg 644dcce00ff5611625a82a7864936c3c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lincoln Battallion Batia https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/cf6a8f0c24f9694223adfc2f2fbb0164.jpg 4160e20963e6edb418c9795e4ab4d770 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Salaria Kea Hannah https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/4961bfe44fcbd3831b55273beeb0c9c9.jpg 86d88b61a068a6e6df4e9db8bf529cd4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Goya Los Desastres de la Guerra (LI) https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/8323ef8054100fd8e93bd767a6af2af0.pdf a91fae1927e898aeeb2297a674ffebc2 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/d67b708828c6dab93610c190f0b5279c.jpg 41d1514d0b799aaaa31fe744f416600a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fighters from Other Lands... https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/7b0f6d230c6139d3dc2bfe512f7a9972.jpg 69d229d59ff9e2d95f2ec00134baf4a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Legaspi.dugout https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/225e3dc69d73215ec27a1449fe978519.jpg 765556e4204950f21057e26a85a3f8e3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Help Spain https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/e5a93175bd477bac9e64241000c360a3.JPG 3546d29ead89c418324cba9cf98d048d https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/2ba68bddc7d02929210290b2eb415b92.JPG 3546d29ead89c418324cba9cf98d048d https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/f69318fd96841e07e4730ffe2bd0f40f.jpg a64593fa6726370adb3a57510ea8b140 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource milita (Lena) https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/acdae5ec00f0d0849471495531402cc7.jpg bda08ff06f9261dddb91d100a0ab1b71 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Guernica https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/adf4089965240a8b89f3cc6d4d4de785.jpg 7ce7204cf6cda8ce9eec048afda2df40 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/d946bafd1bb33bd5430ef29ca969bef6.jpg 6f1f4e9f535a7fea64ff1da88e4c2a26 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/60bdf8511d6abfcc2fa8dd7717c2aff1.jpg b0d2dffd1f027ff8ce9902f16d3457c3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource batia horse https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/13cf45e3dd6001e7e37872dc1c3687c9.jpg b45eab26a506d54aaf5e58113069d01e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Guernica HK https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/f8e23d16598fec4491be8caf0de17395.jpg d3e14977b501c3a61ebcca1f78b50551 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource draft of picasso hand https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/54887515ecb1bfe08e74e2f5a5aa7805.jpg 176ed8ff638937e0624bab487ae3acc9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Starry Night https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/2b6c36217b7bf130e9942e35a7cdac3c.jpg d89ce625d14347d587d98030d14edc11 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/d547f57af68a1545d18b5ab0f4aaa47a.png 497a67a1ce7c84c07a2f21fd1823a59e https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/063242103a9f48ceb4f6ab9409f16de3.jpg 536974ad0ba604cc5682c56b27e74362 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/b038d3610d4bb8553bb8e954a2be46d2.jpg 2c5eaad3297116127236fe283d9b10f1 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/f44f209d90d904993d1bf4988868c0c9.jpg 2fccd4c14e7dc7a241ea00b927466b30 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource LYNNET https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/87885ebd4bdacd63bf091dff0366f147.jpg c118c81841f21e2aae9e14d83b46c0c3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource LYNNET 2 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/fb15d6ab2e6e196b1c858cc7c67f3d76.png 00c890dc923999f7cb05bff5998c17fd https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/59c775b57cf55e6d3a6540e74f522a6c.png cede07bb658d91af462204b2496c859d https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/33739944328f01e8c0ea736f8cd48730.png 3ea533204fe43317fa1b478c8288dc39 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/41e468fca019386dd2c28a3f5b653ab2.png 71088a503dc2fc08faf656708603444d https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/7f555a4f8238f1eaeee80fd931d42cbe.png 96d7a67da13e0e74f6fe5394d4445aab https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/0e681357996345290c234f6f6d5a8a5d.png 4cf372353d5d13288c63e0dcf51d9d8b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource screenshots https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/fd0e9289dabd350385f75dc14bb6485d.jpg c7f05c5aeb7bf05e3593eab551956117 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Justin Guernica thang https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/685583be04d81e40708ccd2dd3bc0853.jpg 317bda5f5dadcb81f1caf88e6829806d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Justin Hughes thang https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/77479822fa155c886e06887f6d87eee4.jpg ccea2d60d7ef8fd868db3dc1f4c7284b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Heart of Spain: Robert Capa's Photographs of the Spanish Civil War Subject The topic of the resource Robert Capa Description An account of the resource The Spanish Civil War was a product of the clash between the opposing ideologies of the left-wing Republic and fascist Nationalists. In 1938, photographer Robert Capa captured scenes of the International Brigades, volunteer fighters for the Republic, in Montblanch. This photo feature throngs of men in military fatigues, raising their hands towards something off-camera, affirming their affiliation with the Republic. The unity of action portrayed in these photographs embody the belief that to protect their own convictions is to initiate the destruction of the opposition. Much like the photograph Falling Soldier, the photographs in this book expose the effects of war both on and off the battlefield. Capa sought to capture Spanish lives at the time and showcase his impressions to a global audience. This leads the viewer to imagine that prioritizing the coexistence of conflicting beliefs in a society can eventually lead to the collapse of the senseless hive-mind that perpetuates the cycle of war and violence. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource TOMAS ALEJANDRO MANUEL EBRO MATIAS Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived New York: Aperture Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1999 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource “Spain - The Response to the Need” Subject The topic of the resource Journal Entry Description An account of the resource This journal entry from January 1st, 1937 is found in a Quaker weekly journal from 1937 where it informed other Friends how the Friends Service Council (the British corollary to the American Friends Service Committee), together with the Save the Children Fund, were providing relief for Spain. Along with specifying where concerned Friends can send donations, this journal discusses who the Quakers were helping as well as why they were helping. It explains how the Quakers were giving relief to the children of Spain regardless of which side they were on. To the Friends, it did not matter if the Spanish refugees were on the Nationalist or Republican side; the article emphasizes the need for “impartiality” in the Quakers’ wartime relief work. The article goes on to explain that their “neutrality was a neutrality of active intervention on behalf of those whose chief enemy was war,” underscoring that the primary goal was to aid those who were the victims of the war (i.e. the women and children). By assisting the children of Spain, the Quakers were attempting to raise a new generation devoid of hate, one that could then hopefully bring an end to war once and for all. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource TOMMY IE Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Friend https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/7a9bdad6df6288220a43ab10186cbfbc.jpg 09305be8f3f1aed9eb8604d8cdeb9213 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/21d4603ad4649db43b69f1e53394fd46.jpg 3d833f07be6c44fef0d6599332facf98 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource “Behind the Battle Lines in a Devastated Spain” Subject The topic of the resource New York Times Magazine by Alfred Winslow Jones Description An account of the resource This article, published in the weekly New York Times Magazine on April 3rd, 1938, demonstrates how journalism brought the Spanish refugee crisis into the eyes and minds of American society. The focus of this article is the mass migrations of Spaniards within Spain as a result of the devastation of the Civil War. The vivid descriptions in the article, by Alfred Winslow Jones, of his experience in a “tour of inspection with the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)” brings his experiences alive to his readers in the US. His detailed portrayal of the terrible plight of the Spaniards and the underfunded work the AFSC is doing in Spain is a humanitarian, emotional appeal. The inclusion of the photograph depicting the huddled masses wandering through the streets is another attempt to bring the horrid conditions refugees must live in to life for average Americans. Juxtaposing the text and photograph allows the story of the refugees to transcend the contemporaneous situation and resonates with readers many decades later. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ETHAN LYNE Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived L. Hollingsworth Wood Papers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 3rd, 1938 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/dfd038f7c96bdd2ffc8a038d49334b90.jpg 7f63a154faa1f90b17e9fd912081e514 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource “Children in Barcelona” Subject The topic of the resource Chicago Tribune by Diana Forbes Robertson Description An account of the resource The bombings during the Spanish Civil War not only destroyed buildings and land, but they destroyed families. Children of all ages were victims of fascist attacks, and because of the numerous children who were left orphaned and who were in harms way of future bombardments and starvation, children’s colonies were created to provide them a place of refuge during the war. In this newspaper clipping Diana Forbes Robertson, the wife of journalist Vincent Sheean, writes of her time in Spain. This clipping was found in a folder titled L. Hollingsworth Woods Papers, in which there were many miscellaneous documents and letters either written by Woods himself or documents that referenced the Spanish Civil War. Woods was a co-founder of the American Friends Service Committee, which was a Quaker organization that worked to help the refugees and victims of the fascist attacks during the civil war. While the exact date of publication and the newspaper from which this article by Diana Robertson came from is unclear, based on evidence found in the article, along with a second newspaper article written by Robertson that can be found in the same folder, it can be inferred that the article was written around April of 1938 and that it was originally published in the Chicago Tribune. This article depicts several colonies in which children are hungry; yet their lives must continue as they “attend school, get their hair cut, and dance ballet.” In this piece Robertson provides an outsider’s perspective of the lives of child refugees during the Spanish Civil War. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource KAITLYN GUILD Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived L. Hollingsworth Wood Papers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 1938 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from J. Passmore Elkinton to L. Hollingworth Wood Description An account of the resource The letter written by J. Passmore Elkinton, the chairman of the AFSC Spain Committee, is addressed to L. Hollingworth Wood, an active member of the Spanish Child Welfare Association (SCWA) in New York. In discussing the benefits of Quaker aid in Spain, Elkinton references the Book of Exodus, comparing the mission of the Friends to the exodus of the Jews from Egypt. In this Biblical passage, God’s partiality towards the Israelites leads Him to intervene on their behalf to deliver them from slavery. Elkinton implies that the difficulties of work in Spain were to be overcome through divine guidance. The letter demonstrates that relief work of the Friends in the 1930s was informed and strongly influenced by religious rhetoric and grounded in Christian faith. The desire to act out of moral and spiritual responsibility directed the Friends towards humanitarian aid, resulting in the distribution of the funds the SCWA raised for Spanish relief. In thanking Wood on behalf of the “Divine Master,” Elkinton makes clear his conviction in the correctness and support of his committee’s mission due to the gravitas which accompanies invoking divinity. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource EMILY DOMBROVSKAYA Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived L. Hollingsworth Wood Papers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Dec. 8, 1938 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/c3a9ad4cb2f6f37943fb024984cb3030.jpg 9f098890e200d8463553743ef51b366d https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/d6ed04815dc3cc9f2eafd22fe528f970.jpg c904230ea7c920fc1922bb50069d69b2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Puños en alto [Clenched Fists Held High] Subject The topic of the resource Estampas de la Revolución Española Description An account of the resource Republican Spain published many propaganda items during the Spanish Civil War in order to promote their cause. This piece, “Clenched Fists Held High,” is part of a book of stamps published by the anarchist Office of Propaganda. This image represents the war as a glorious fight for social justice, motivating readers to support the fight against fascism. Its use of blurred, but colorful visuals portray the war as active and positive. The caption, which uses socialist rhetoric like “comrades” to illustrate the valiance and brotherhood of those fighting, demonstrates the goals of social justice and equality which motivated the war. All the captions in the book are printed in Spanish, English, and French, indicating that the government intended for it to be read abroad in order to encourage neutral foreign powers to join the side of of the Republic. Unlike many other materials in this exhibit, this piece is unique in its portrayal of violent means as effective. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource BATIA KATZ Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Oficinas de Propaganda de la Confederación Nacional del Trabajo y de la Federación Anarquista Ibérica Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 19 julio de 1936 (July 19, 1936) https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/96396cc331c326eaae2912181372decc.jpg 7e0e27c25272366876e3b7978d92e523 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/4905159745f34081e61cffc434ead3be.jpg 71dd50a2644d74b2cdb7ee87563cfdde Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource El último abrazo [The last embrace] Subject The topic of the resource Estampas de la Revolución Española Description An account of the resource “Cuando el arte se trueca en intérprete de la emoción popular, el arte se sublima… Se hace a un tiempo carne y espíritu.” “When art becomes the interpreter of some great national sentiment, it is sublime… [It is] a mingling of the flesh with the spirit.” —“The Doorway,” Preface to Estampas de la Revolución Española, 19 Julio de 1936 A collection of vignettes from the Spanish Civil War, brought forth within the realms of images with wide brushstrokes and trilingual captions, Estampas de la Revolución Española, 19 Julio de 1936, remains a testament to the many emotions and contradictions of the era. In this image, “El último abrazo,” a man lays down the dying body of his lifelong companion. Humanity’s looming mortality consumes this painting, leaving only a blurry conception of hope lost. While the artist—known solely as “hijo del pueblo” or “son of the people”—was featured in this volume for an anarchist, proletariat pursuit, his work transcends war’s partisan boundaries, serving as a traumatic reminder of war’s true victim: humanity, abandoned for the ether and painfully pieced together through art. Ultimately, El último abrazo confirms that ceaseless, unjustified violence fails to usher in prosperity, and that destruction never yields peace. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource KEVIN “THE ROCK” MEDANSKY Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Oficinas de Propaganda de la Confederación Nacional del Trabajo y de la Federación Anarquista Ibérica Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 19 julio de 1936 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/1615523b920947a4e7dc20cacf70fc9b.jpg 34bd946825b6a8d7d3574718b6076b0f https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/ca113406eeefd4b69569c54504d4ea87.jpg 555cf82bb58df882ddd8472ca04f9b69 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hermanos de lucha [Brothers in Battle] Subject The topic of the resource Estampas de la Revolución Española Description An account of the resource The artistic depiction of a helpless figure being persecuted is ubiquitous in times of Spanish agony. This is evident in both the Offices of Propaganda of the National Confederation of Workers’ “Estampas de la Revolución de Española” and Goya’s “Third of May”. The Offices of Propaganda of the CNT and the FAI created this book of stamps to bring color and glory to the war. While Goya’s work depicts a submissive Spanish man during Napoleon’s invasion of Madrid in 1808, the stamp takes an antithetical approach to the subject by casting the shooters in the foreground in a virtuous light. Unlike Goya’s emphasis on humanity, the “Brothers in Battle” stamp romanticizes inhumanity by depicting the death of a powerless man as an epic aspect of war. The stamp artist accomplishes this by painting two distinct, colorful shooters in the foreground and concealing the identity of the defenseless nationalist by facing him away from the viewer. While Goya commiserates with the innocent, surrendered man, the stamp artist celebrates his death as an act of “comradeship” among Republicans. Thus, these two pieces with similar subject matter present opposing perspectives that shed light on the multifaceted experience of war. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource HANNAH KRAPES Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Oficinas de Propaganda de la Confederación Nacional del Trabajo y de la Federación Anarquista Ibérica Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 19 julio de 1936 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/472b23b85a27ece081a13b0e904c6c34.jpg 7c40a44c138eaac21d569a336aea2ebe https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/210c21efc115b9346862d6df2e0ea123.jpg 04716f22c1ad0ba1301dabde5b89e772 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Guerrillera [Fighter] Subject The topic of the resource Estampas de la Revolución Española Description An account of the resource This painting from Estampas de la Revolución Española promotes a false sense of heroism established by society, a sense of heroism that traps humanity in a closed cycle of victims. It depicts a stern-faced man; clad in rolled pant legs and a polo with his hands squarely on his hips, shoulders back, head held high, and rifle at his side, he is the new Achilles. He is the hero whom young men revere and attempt to emulate. He is viewed as a figure of strength and bravery. However, in actuality, he personifies the Achilles’ heel of society: its tendency to exalt war. He exemplifies a war-glorifying system that has bound the minds of people. The paintings presented in this book by the Propaganda Offices of the CNT-FIA engenders positive feelings toward the cause of the Spanish people in fighting against the Fascist insurgents in Spain; it emphasizes the vivacious humanity of the Spaniards through endearing narratives and colorful imagery. Paradoxically, this painting screams for freedom in tones of war. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SHARIM JONES Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Oficinas de Propaganda de la Confederación Nacional del Trabajo y de la Federación Anarquista Ibérica Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 19 julio de 1936 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Extracts from Esther Farquhar’s letters Description An account of the resource In this compilation of selections from letters, Esther Farquhar Kamp, a social worker and Quaker relief worker with the American Friends Service Committee, discusses the physical, mental, and emotional stresses on the Spanish children and the ways in which the AFSC attempted to combat such issues. Promoting the wellbeing of the young victims of the Spanish Civil War was a matter on which Quaker relief work placed strong emphasis, based on the recognition that children were victims of the combat who were highly susceptible to the violent ideals of war and would act as fodder for further conflict as they transitioned into adulthood. Close to 700,000 children took refuge in the children’s colonies or “colonias infantiles,” including the Bosque in the Woods, to which Esther Farquhar Kamp refers in this letter. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource HANAE TOGAMI Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bacon Family Papers, Esther Farquhar Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1936 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/ee0049c26c74122c75d285139509004c.jpg dafcd8fae14e7551ddb699c8286bf920 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/aa8821992efd73b79aa6b71c17e93de0.jpg 1f2da11158fa91333bec0d161a9b8bec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Lucille H Stevens to Daniel and Elizabeth Jensen Description An account of the resource During the Spanish Civil War and for several years after, international relief efforts were coordinated between various Quaker and non-Quaker organizations, in the hope that the refugees and displaced peoples from the conflict could receive direct aid. Sometimes, the route to aid extended through other countries, as is specified in this letter from the American Friends’ Service Committee to representatives of the YMCA in Mexico City, on behalf of Alfred Jacob in Spain. The state of total war that had taken place within Spain led to extraordinarily high rates of hunger, poverty, and displacement, some of the conditions which no doubt led to the AFSC’s request to locate a Spanish refugee’s family member. The Quaker relief effort, encapsulated here in the plea to reunite a family, was guided by the belief in service and aid. Quakers not only fed the hungry and displaced within Spain, they also coordinated relief efforts beyond these into France and Mexico. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource LENA YEAKEY Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Elizabeth Marsh Jensen Papers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 1940 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/bdeff95662a82463e07b0888d859561f.jpg b881987666a7533e4167057bc300a295 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/1e9720fe485c64426d9fd9a32048ad92.jpg 8d890b13fc69456960664b30b8ed268c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Diaries of John F. Rich, AFSC Worker Description An account of the resource In his capacity as public relations director and relief administrator for the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), John F. Rich traveled to Spain in 1939 to wind down the AFSC’s refugee and child feeding relief facilities. During the trip, Rich recorded images of the bucolic countryside, juxtaposing it with the destruction of the Civil War. The diaries also include personal musings on his sadness at seeing the refugee children, work-related to-do lists, and first drafts of AFSC memos. Here, one can see Rich’s thoughts on what Quakers can do “to Make Nations Friendly to Spain”; he suggests that Quakers should use their “connections in high places” and publicly endorse Spain’s desire for diplomatic contact with North America. This action entails political involvement, and to an extent, taking sides. Hence, Rich’s suggestion that Quakers attempt to influence international politics even after the conflict has ended in this manner is contrary to some Friends’, such as relief worker Howard Kershner’s, belief that in order to impart effective relief, neutrality is essential. Rich and Kershner’s conflicting views towards political intervention represent contemporary debate within the greater Quaker community about the place of politics in relief work. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ALLIE CORCORAN Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The John F. Rich Papers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/12114e4585633823362df521c00677df.jpg 56de686a4b17bd277fec8fd3574e3b06 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Recall to Religion - Peace and righteousness are inseparable. Description An account of the resource By proclaiming that “peace and righteousness are inseparable,” and that if a “conflict should arise between the claims of Christ’s service and that of the State, it is to Him that our supreme loyalty should be given whatever the consequence,” the authors of this poster challenge the viewer’s understanding of morality by insinuating that to support the state’s war efforts is to turn one’s back on Christ. The poster’s last words, “whatever the consequence,” reinforce the Quaker conviction that pacifist thought and loyalty to God must never be sacrificed in the name of conflict and material goals. This poster forces these concepts into a complete dichotomy: one must choose between faith and support of the war, and to remain neutral or undecided is to betray God. The formal, intimidating appearance of the poster (no images; capital letters; bold-faced, red and black text) frames the message as a command, an imperative. Friends believe that the power of God to overcome evil can be accessed through a true desire for good; this poster aims to confirm that those wishing to conquer the evil of war must seek the guidance of Christ rather than that of the state. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource OLIVIA LEGASPI Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Friends Peace Board and the Friends Peace Committee https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/59c44b90a9ae1304cfe51b99faefeb62.jpg da5acf0b119a3f6602dc9f567374d9a3 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/d9ae43ec178ebad9abf9dda0c3906ece.jpg 6fff803195c26c3815cf438c8e66d21b https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/b5934f6d496abbef04f9f0445b0406cc.jpg 31d47f1d9579f3528a769e1249d628d0 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/329e5e53add34bfaffdb6ec37c57c91f.jpg 7d57580f6ac6b5d819fbf621a59678c5 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/a0e56762bedd5f69f11077aae9ebd6a4.jpg f132ff5a401271c365decf43e412365e https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/7947be592284b1d9a66856098a3ae48d.jpg 1eed9352c2e1c4ddcd897e5ff4b80eef https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/5aac14eda85fa001c0803f6a5ad8884d.jpg cc2398d82f7b4e3c7304bda2b9b8b09b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spanish Relief Bulletin Description An account of the resource This bulletin, released days before the end of the war on April 1, describes the desperate situations in both Republican and Nationalist Spain and pleads for money to transfer surplus wheat to Spain. It includes the warning that “if the remainder of Spain is to soon come under Nationalist control they will have a food problem that even propaganda will not be able to hide.” According to the bulletin, the food shortage in a Nationalist Spain would be so severe that even propaganda could not mask its effects from the public. As the nationalists gained territory, hundreds and thousands of refugees would also come under their jurisdiction. Towards the end of the war when it became clear that the Nationalists would win, the actions of the relief workers focused on preventing starvation instead of promoting peace, their original purpose. The workers felt frustrated that they lost the power to construct a society that created conditions for peace and, rather, were caught working to prevent starvation where they still had control. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource MICAELA GOLD Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Committee on Spain, American Friends Service Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 29, 1939 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/742b91ba09cd1984171c99da7641a229.jpg 44e150dc13bdde3fe5d3fa4a5c30c51b https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/bd5e0fb9aa353d62b6edfe0965320fac.jpg 9fe87a3ca54cd406ec27293454a1f4e8 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/f068c3af84fe93b4aa3bcfe483fc91f7.jpg 5cd206bbdccd532ea99e811d03ba2678 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spain Still Needs Our Help Description An account of the resource The Friends’ Service Council (FSC), a Quaker relief organization in Great Britain, published and distributed this pamphlet in 1939 after Nationalist forces had overthrown Republican Spain. Despite the change in government, the FSC, in conjunction with the AFSC (American Friends Service Committee) continued relief work to help Spanish people and refugees in need on both sides of the conflict up to 1942. Unfortunately, the infrastructure and supplies needed to provide food and milk and to support hospitals were expensive; thus relief organizations distributed pamphlets such as this one to ask for financial help. The FSC aimed to “bring material and moral help” through their relief work: materially through food and milk, and morally through their support and solidarity. Through advocacy of both material and emotional support, the FSC attempted to build “the surest foundations for peace” with altruistic deeds that promoted pacifism and protested war and violence. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource JUSTIN OTTER Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived London: Friends Service Council Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/648922cfee68f3306e79bc5e1ba862bf.jpg 7ddb1cf0a73f6c281e5ed2f851094d33 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/40d9e2d79e56f6a2ac5be213f98f4318.jpg 964b20655c7cb446d052bb79cb4ebe63 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/9843805bf49106ac9bd398b567c8b30f.jpg 058d5283eb32839693dedbf30c370d72 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Women and children last Subject The topic of the resource Dr. Richard Ellis Description An account of the resource The Spanish Civil War marked a new period of modern warfare, as we can see through observing the pamphlets that were used to spread awareness of the war and the actions the Quakers were taking to aid those suffering. This pamphlet, written by Dr. Richard Ellis, focuses on the everyday influence of war on Spanish society. This reading speaks to the notion of total war, a concept addressed by Paul Saint-Amour in Tense Future. His work is mainly concerned with exploring the definition of total war as war affecting “political, economic, and cultural domains.” Extending upon the purview outlined by Saint-Amour, the pamphlets are able to speak to the mentality of civilians once such merciless war had become the standard of life. Specifically, Dr. Ellis retells the comments of a refugee he had encountered. The refugee said that “the war... taught him you could be constantly cold in bright sunshine and feel tired before the day’s work had started.” His remarks highlight that the totality of war affected normal routines for extended periods of time, thereby extending and reshaping our understanding of absolute warfare. This is crucial to explore because for those lucky enough to live, total war wasn’t one passing moment of panic, but rather, in the case of Spain, three years of heavy mental and physical deterioration. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource KATIE SAFTER Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived London: Friends Service Council Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/23f4d73b32ce75febdf802a19f639cf3.jpg c1269549af24ac491e42ea51f1db63ad https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/9c3e84fc90d6f797d9d2297b26c6d4d2.jpg 530d39466a16e761d5448c8c4e69b5ff https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/a3522f7a0dc09c8fd20086bf2428358a.jpg ac3543312f1e1af896314e072a235095 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/b84e7c44f5a1b5630669874b60cbc973.jpg 7c4c566557f5a1c430c4456cf1f3e50e https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/1a28e70a33f540b28e7f047b359dfa9f.jpg c8c3046b39ef0cbb20a0cba0ea21a6a6 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/66a7e73f0d75210487c7a7b6a34fdb44.jpg 608bec5e3eb8b6268d76f26bcb6aaca0 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/167549dbdf7e4f5afc3ee0d827919ed9.jpg 205426df0b594493a7911610950d53ab https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/07978c2210217af3cff08ef2ee78dee6.jpg 4b773f086f42e8891e232613cc7f54bd https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/1448cabac2f4fcc68670676a6030db9a.jpg 68a7314ece3ab393692dc422e343c326 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/f12634c63c189bde92d60a283a363d40.jpg f75479b7a66005f425afa75a9af61756 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/a9b06d474efd209fb551bd2d43d31594.jpg 49b1ddd969a6f8dd9b7c0d4384b2fb1c https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/5ba2bde1d04c04c4997ac8e3bf389ff9.jpg 89e2267d742c79fb59a1df53b2812cc7 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/7a48c892b778b0a4c3c38c18c62e66a3.jpg d93b9b9522ae095863d53bb6b899da78 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/729f0beb305288927d2e6a566a591cfc.jpg e26a02d4c972e736a43ae96ec3d507e1 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/6ff20114dd6bf12ea591ba24c60e7268.jpg 43d78bbb104203ff7d991b4fa0c46894 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/740f957941167fb6e4e8715c45d21c9f.jpg 0fdfb296fcdb29c6d3a91ad8c11dc1e3 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/4bb460b8ae14da55514182f17ff90f08.jpg ee495bb214a06f3cb5ce9abbb5b4f326 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/4102ded9b5a9acdd867bb89e5b3ebb47.jpg 7b495a2042a4c1515bc48b708202c993 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/b63dc8606aaab540f5fa9e8e3659a310.jpg 1a50045219a7eeae54c6951123ff634d https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/a4a261a10cd762eaf72ce16993b7a737.jpg 26c8741e02b391899a507f261693325b https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/6bdd2c7b3a57cea3f1f267f32677d8f7.jpg 4b4b2e2e12f14b0e2e228ddda15b4253 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/33087ff80f1fe6860fea1e377bf9fdba.jpg f1f05b75dc374af6bf658be87cb886ac https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/4337e5df981eb3bbcad68b5364663fb4.jpg 9c9889595f46aeb634b265786ecadc3f https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/314e5b0483f2327449a8ba4178ab97f7.jpg 0afcf33881da31926870f39ba44d2ce5 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/5c8ab82cd1f871602fdf05b115ba4573.jpg 112ed95d95c1d9e5bc2b6deac16c2dd0 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/1261fc78235355942431bd3a3f8f1503.jpg 4efaeae3b49d79f57750f119c6b97bc6 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/c222060845b21f5bcfa0d97a39f0554f.jpg c1110a56731e8704ee8fd952a625e05b https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/b444ff850b6ddf707fc0293e115329fa.jpg 7d999409fc7ded53652731b4e4f461b1 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/e83f113c2bbd87c5c3f38d768938e368.jpg e9aed8e085a7ef5101bbe7488301a5fc https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/186aabf3f5b02697dff4b5433772f05f.jpg ec0488f320e95dc780443fccc9a72e9b https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/2ccc794b91a61a1e7c91fe471994fe46.jpg 56b0c3ea6bb0424d4d08533376d8a4b7 https://ds-omeka.haverford.edu/peacetestimonies/files/original/ce277b494d3a571dd46c20fcfd852db6.jpg 3d2231a2d74e4f3e231003fd9bab4ad7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Through Loyalist and Insurgent Spain: The Journal of Sylvester Jones Subject The topic of the resource Sylvester Jones Description An account of the resource Sylvester Jones’ journal records his experiences travelling through Spain and his participation in relief work during the Spanish Civil War. Sent by the American Friends Service Committee in order to decide their level of involvement in the relief work, his writings describe the aid work of different organizations, including logistical issues such as the lack of resources. Sylvester’s descriptions of living in wartime Spain work towards uncovering the nature of Quaker pacifist views, which emphasize deliberate thought. This entry, describing his reaction to a play, showcases his hatred of propaganda, the opposite of deliberate thought: “It was obviously propaganda and not art… I do not refer to the war propaganda…[but] one which…[carries] on with a basis of hate for any who disagree with them.” Jones disapproves of the play’s message, militant or not, because it promotes homogeneous thought. The rejection of thoughtlessness echoes a defining aspect of Quaker pacifism, which draws upon their religious belief, which is centered around the need for conscious and deliberate thought. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource TERUHA STERGIO Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Dec. 1936—Jan. 1937 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Around the world the message send - ‘World justice means world peace’ Description An account of the resource The Society of Friends attempted to remain neutral during the Spanish Civil War, and conducted relief work for both the Republicans and the Nationalists. In Quaker Service in Modern War, Howard Kershner writes, “I maintain that when one undertakes to do relief work on both sides of a civil war he must be prepared to be impartial to his attitude, and even in his thinking, where need is concerned.” This poster created by the Northern Friends Peace Boardembraces the idea of neutrality, and emphasizes the importance of global peace. The words “justice” and “peace” are connected without the promise or even the notion of winning the war in Spain (or any future war) —which is the goal that people on either side of the argument may associate with the word “justice.” In Quaker Relief Work in the Spanish Civil War, Farah Mendlesohn quotes Alfred Jacob as he states, “Our effort is simply to do the works of peace in the midst of war, affirming the right of the human personality which war denies”. By recognizing the “human personality” of either side, one is embracing neutrality and recognizing the similarities of either side. By showing that justice and peace are in fact the same thing, as well as using the image of the entire world, the poster helps depict humankind as a single, unified force. The Quakers recognize human togetherness by not dividing the poster into states or political parties, and depicting instead a unified world, and one common humanity. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource GEORGIA MEYER Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Friends Peace Board and the Friends Peace Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker & Special Collections Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Conscription Description An account of the resource This Quaker poster criticizes conscription, the compulsory enrollment of persons for military service, and denounces war altogether. By claiming that, through conscription, the state has control of the collective human consciousness, which is rightfully God’s alone, the poster implies that the learnt practice of humans to destroy other humans is unvirtuous. Furthermore, the poster exposes war’s terrible nature with violent language: the use of “destroy” creates a powerful image of annihilation. Devastated by malnutrition, disease, bombing raids, and combat, the casualties of total war beg the question, “How do we end war?” For the Quaker community, the answer could be found within the creation of peaceful conditions, complete reconciliation, and abstinence from fighting—thus conquering total war with total peace. Ultimately, this poster encourages pacifism by condemning the morality of both conscription and war. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SYDNEY DORMAN Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Northern Friends Peace Board and the Friends Peace Committee