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              <text>&lt;a title="Evil can only be fought and conquered" href="http://triarte.brynmawr.edu/Obj183423?sid=108&amp;amp;x=2376"&gt;Click Here to View This Poster on Triarte&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Quaker peace testimonies resounded throughout Britain in reaction to the devastating violence and atrocities of the Spanish Civil War, in contrast to those who wanted to take up arms against the fascists responsible for those atrocities.  Though the date of printing of this poster is unknown, its messages can be read in conversation with the Quaker peace propaganda distributed during the Spanish Civil War.  The Quakers argue for what is now called a “positive peace,” cultivated through social justice and universal love for all of humankind. According to Quaker belief, each person’s Inner Light can be reached through love and friendship, and thus evil can be overcome through these connections. This poster underscores the religious nature of the Quaker’s argument by including the imagery of the Christian cross. The message also suggests that participating in violence, as many International Brigaders did, would result in being overcome by evil. Altogether, the peace testimony argues that nonviolent action against evil and violence is an act of resistance to war as well as an active promotion of “positive peace.”  </text>
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              <text>&lt;a title="World Justice Means World Peace" href="http://triarte.brynmawr.edu/Obj183407?sid=108&amp;amp;x=9201"&gt;Click Here to View this Poster on Triarte&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Can peace ever be stable when injustice exists, and is just violence even possible? This poster, created by the London Quaker Friends in 1938, propels us to the heart of such questions by instantly equating peace and justice. Yet the Quakers were not alone in making this association. Virginia Woolf connects these ideas by setting women’s rights (justice) as a precondition for preventing war (peace). Langston Hughes argues the inextricability of communism (which he views as the path to peace) and racial equality (justice). Muriel Rukeyser shows that giving war victims a voice (justice) is an ethical undertaking in her quest for peace in Spain. Like the Quakers, these authors all worked within a field now called “positive peace”: exploring how to construct a world not only free of war, but where societies and institutions actively promote justice for all, thus generating a lasting peace.&#13;
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              <text>&lt;a title="Have you give life" href="http://triarte.brynmawr.edu/Obj183408?sid=108&amp;amp;x=9246"&gt;Click Here to View this Poster on Triarte&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>During the Spanish Civil War and well into Francisco Franco’s regime the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) played an active role supporting peace efforts. With the fall of the Republic in 1939, attention turned to refugees leaving Spain. The AFSC helped people emigrate to Mexico, where upon entry Republican refugees could receive citizenship if they were fleeing Franco. Mr. Jenson, researching relief possibilities in Mexico at the request of John Rich of the AFSC, had outlined potential goals that specified that the AFSC was dedicated to helping the exiles fleeing Franco’s regime both before and after the war. These goals included helping the refugees to maintain their morale and incorporating them within Mexican society in order to make a sustainable living community. Interestingly, the report featured here illustrates that in a documented visit to the Santa Clara community, Jenson concluded that the communist sympathisers were of a majority within these created colonies and that they tended to oppress the ideas of less represented political bodies.</text>
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                <text>“They Still Draw Pictures” is a collection of 60 original drawings created by the children who had first-hand experience with the violence of the Spanish Civil War. Its significance stems from the fact that the drawings allowed a child--whose unmistakable witness to the war was otherwise limited by an underdeveloped syntax--to eloquently illustrate the horror of modern war through creative visual expression. The publication of this book harnessed the international sympathy for the cause of the stricken Spanish children and accompanied a traveling fundraising exhibition of 118 of the children’s pictures. Widespread circulation of the drawings served as a way for the Spanish children to demonstrate how the war not only affected those who were fighting, but the innocent as well. Thus, these drawings stand alongside Picasso’s Guernica, calling for peace.</text>
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                <text>Philadelphia: American Friends Service Committee</text>
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                <text>This pamphlet, titled Give for Spain’s Refugees, is one of a series that were distributed by the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) to ask for help for the children refugees who were victims of the Spanish Civil War. This pamphlet shows that one important aspect of pacifism to the Quakers is the action of giving bread and soup to children and refugees. For the Quakers, feeding children is a form of pacifism because these children were the next generation of Spain. Neglecting to care for them would allow children to suffer and reinforce the bitterness of hatred and violence committed against them, giving them the idea that wars should be perpetuated. The Quakers, instead, tried to teach the children growing up in a time of war about peace by alleviating their suffering. This pamphlet has a British counterpart, distributed by the Friends Service Council in England, called Give for Spain, also displayed in this exhibition.</text>
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                <text>Ann-Victoria Isaac</text>
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                <text>In an effort to provide aid to the war torn countryside of Spain, the Friends Service Council (FSC) made and distributed pamphlets about the war to Friends in England to collect funds and donations to help bring a measure of peace to Spain. To the Friends, their relief efforts, which came in the form of material goods and spiritual relief, were actually combatting violence and spreading peace. The idea is beautifully and powerfully summarized by the opening lines of this pamphlet which reads, “In the face of bombs and slaughter in Spain, to talk of ‘Peace, Peace’ may seem futile. Yet by giving food to a hungry child you are sowing seeds of peace. In contrast to hatred and savagery we are giving unselfish, impartial aid to the people of Spain.” For the Friends, to give for Spain is to give for peace.</text>
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                <text>Caroline Steliotes</text>
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                <text>Elizabeth Marsh Jensen Papers</text>
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                <text>Sponsored by Eleanor Roosevelt, Dorothy Parker, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Helen Keller, and other prominent figures of the time, The American Rescue Ship Mission letter circulated in 1940 makes an appeal for donations to help Spanish Republican Refugees reach Mexico and amnesty. After the Spanish Civil War ended in 1939, those who fought Franco’s regime faced violent extrajudicial treatment in post-war Spain, and French refugee camps offered a hardly-better alternative. Mexico, however, as one of the few publicly pro-Republican nations during the Spanish Civil War, became a safe haven for Republican refugees. The American Rescue Ship Mission, a project of the United American Spanish Aid Committee, sought to transport refugees from France to Mexico. Considering its prominent sponsors and the broad target demographic, this document shows how the resettlement of Republican refugees became an issue that transcended Quaker concerns to involve the American public at large.</text>
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                <text>Charlotte Colantti</text>
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