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                <text>Originally all Ainu garments were made of skin, fur, and feathers, and these types of clothing survived in Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands into the twentieth century. Salmon skin was highly prized for making strong, light, durable waterproof garments. Sakhalin Ainu decorated fishskin garments with delicate appliqué, as did their neighbors in the lower Amur River region. This child's coat has a Sakhalin Ainu cut but was collected in Hokkaido – like people, artifacts often end up far from home. This coat may have come to Hokkaido with Ainu refugees expelled when Sakhalin was turned over to the Russians in 1875. In 1896 it was sold to Mrs. Mabel Loomis Todd, a participant in an Amherst College expedition that came to Hokkaido to view a solar eclipse.&#13;
&#13;
(Ainu: Spirit of a Northern People. Arctic Studies Center. Smithsonian National Museum of 	Natural History)</text>
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                <text>M. Todd col. 1896, Esashi, Hokkaido&#13;
Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts E3390&#13;
&#13;
Ainu: Spirit of a Northern People. Arctic Studies Center. Smithsonian National Museum of 	Natural History</text>
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                <text>A Collar for Undergarment, from 'The First Series of Modern Beauties'</text>
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                <text>Hamanaka Shinji and Amy Reigle Newland, &lt;em&gt;The Female Image: 20th Century Prints of Japanese Beauties&lt;/em&gt; (Leiden: Hotei, 2003), 63.</text>
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                <text>Rouge, from 'The First Series of Modern Beauties'</text>
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                <text>Hamanaka Shinji and Amy Reigle Newland, &lt;em&gt;The Female Image: 20th Century Prints of Japanese Beauties&lt;/em&gt; (Leiden: Hotei, 2003), 63.</text>
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                <text>Mosquito Net, from 'The First Series of Modern Beauties'</text>
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                <text>New Cotton Kimono, from 'The First Series of Modern Beauties'</text>
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                <text>Hamanaka Shinji and Amy Reigle Newland, &lt;em&gt;The Female Image: 20th Century Prints of Japanese Beauties&lt;/em&gt; (Leiden: Hotei, 2003), 121.</text>
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                <text>Natori Shunsen 1886-1960</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1928</text>
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                <text>Hamanaka Shinji and Amy Reigle Newland, &lt;em&gt;The Female Image: 20th Century Prints of Japanese Beauties&lt;/em&gt; (Leiden: Hotei, 2003), 119.</text>
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        <name>shin hanga</name>
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                <text>Nipopo Dolls</text>
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                <text>Sakhalin Ainu shamans produced abstract wooden figurines called nipopo ("wooden baby"), used primarily as amulets for curing or warding off childhood disease. The addition of strips of red and blue cloth or a blue bead (on the upper figure) was thought to increase their power; such dolls were dressed in inaw-kike (wood shavings) to increase their efficacy. The two- headed figure may have been a charm to enhance the probability of giving birth to twins. (Twins were believed to bring success in fishing and hunting among the Sakhalin Ainu and neighboring Eastern Siberian groups. A similar belief was also held by the Kwakwaka'wakw, the native people of Canada's Northwest Coast.) These nipopo were collected in Novoe, Sakhalin, in 1945. Both have the deep patina of long-held personal treasures.&#13;
&#13;
(Ainu: Spirit of a Northern People. Arctic Studies Center. Smithsonian National Museum of 	Natural History)</text>
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                <text>Kan Wada Collection&#13;
B. Wada, col. 1945, Novoe, Sakhalin&#13;
&#13;
Ainu: Spirit of a Northern People. Arctic Studies Center. Smithsonian National Museum of 	Natural History</text>
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                <text>Ainu Robe</text>
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                <text>As Japanese cotton became more affordable, garments known as chikarkarpe, meaning "our embroidered thing," were developed by substituting cotton for attush (elm-bark cloth); Ainu often used old Japanese kimonos or yukata for the base fabric. The use of dark strips around the neck, front opening, sleeves, and hem of a garment was retained, but embroidery became more complex. The aesthetics of combining the base garment pattern with the embroidery created an unending challenge for the innovative Ainu textile artist.&#13;
&#13;
(Ainu: Spirit of a Northern People. Arctic Studies Center. Smithsonian National Museum of 	Natural History)</text>
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                <text>Collected by Frederick Starr, Porosaru</text>
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                <text>Brooklyn Museum of Art&#13;
Ainu: Spirit of a Northern People. Arctic Studies Center. Smithsonian National Museum of 	Natural History</text>
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                <text>Collected in 1904.</text>
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